Infertility is a growing concern among couples in today’s fast-paced world, affecting around 10-15% of married women globally. In India, the issue is becoming increasingly common due to lifestyle changes, environmental factors, and underlying health conditions. While both men and women can experience infertility, women often face several specific risk factors that can significantly affect their ability to conceive. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early diagnosis and timely intervention. Discover the top causes of female infertility from Dr. Preethika Shetty, a leading gynecologist in Kharadi. Learn how age, lifestyle, and health conditions affect fertility.
What is Infertility?
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. For women aged 35 or older, this duration is shortened to six months. Infertility can be primary (when a woman has never conceived) or secondary (when a woman is unable to conceive after already having one or more successful pregnancies).
Major Risk Factors for Female Infertility
Here are some of the key factors that can increase the risk of infertility in women:
1. Age
One of the most well-known risk factors for female infertility is age. As a woman gets older, especially after the age of 35, her fertility begins to decline. This decline is due to the reduced quantity and quality of eggs. Dr. Preethika Shetty, an experienced gynecologist in Kharadi, advises women to consider family planning during their most fertile years (between 25 and 35) for better outcomes.
2. Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal disorders like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, and hyperprolactinemia can interfere with ovulation, making it difficult to conceive. PCOS, in particular, is a leading cause of infertility due to irregular menstrual cycles and poor egg quality.
3. Lifestyle Factors
Unhealthy lifestyle habits significantly impact fertility. These include:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Drug abuse
- Poor diet
- Lack of exercise
- Chronic stress
These habits can disrupt hormonal balance, affect egg quality, and reduce the chances of natural conception. A trusted gynecologist in Kharadi can guide women in making healthier lifestyle choices to improve fertility.
4. Obesity or Being Underweight
Both extremes of body weight can adversely affect fertility. Obesity can lead to insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances, particularly in women with PCOS. On the other hand, being underweight can lead to irregular ovulation and missed periods. Maintaining a healthy body mass index (BMI) is crucial for regular menstrual function and optimal fertility.
5. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause damage to the fallopian tubes, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). If left untreated, these infections can lead to blocked tubes, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg. Routine screenings and safe sex practices are essential to avoid these complications.
6. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside it, often affecting the ovaries and fallopian tubes. This can cause pain, inflammation, and scarring, reducing the chances of conception. Women experiencing severe menstrual cramps or pelvic pain should consult a gynecologist in Kharadi to check for possible endometriosis.
7. Uterine or Cervical Abnormalities
Structural problems such as fibroids, polyps, or a septate uterus can interfere with implantation or increase the risk of miscarriage. Similarly, cervical conditions affecting mucus production can hinder sperm movement. Diagnostic tools like ultrasound and hysteroscopy are helpful in identifying and treating these abnormalities.
8. Chronic Medical Conditions
Conditions like diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and kidney disorders can affect fertility, either directly or through the medications used to treat them. Regular monitoring and medical management are vital to keep these conditions under control when planning pregnancy.
9. Environmental Exposure
Exposure to toxins such as pesticides, industrial chemicals, and radiation can harm reproductive health. Long-term exposure may lead to decreased ovarian function and egg damage. Women working in environments with potential chemical exposure should take precautionary measures or consult a specialist.
10. Previous Surgeries
Surgical procedures involving the abdomen or pelvis, especially on the reproductive organs, can lead to scar tissue formation. This may cause adhesions or blockages in the fallopian tubes, affecting fertility.
When to See a Gynecologist?
If you’ve been trying to conceive for more than a year (or six months if you’re over 35), it’s time to consult a qualified gynecologist in Kharadi. Early intervention can help identify the root cause and begin appropriate treatment, which may include lifestyle changes, medication, or assisted reproductive techniques like IUI or IVF.
Conclusion
Infertility in women can stem from various risk factors, many of which are manageable with timely medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Regular check-ups, awareness of your menstrual health, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are the first steps toward protecting your fertility. If you’re facing difficulties in conceiving or planning a pregnancy soon, consulting a trusted gynecologist in Kharadi like Dr. Preethika Shetty can provide the guidance and support you need.